Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of malocclusions and associated factors among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years enrolled at the Center for Territorial Professional Education Médio Rio de Contas (CETEP), Ipiaú, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: A census-based cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years enrolled at CETEP-Ipiaú-BA. All 265 eligible students were invited to participate, and 130 completed all stages of data collection. Clinical examinations were performed using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) to assess malocclusions, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, behavioral, and oral health-related information. Associations were evaluated using Poisson regression with robust variance, estimating Prevalence Ratios (PR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). Results: The prevalence of malocclusions was 42.3%, corresponding to 44.0% among males and 41.2% among females. Regarding severity, 25.3% of adolescents presented definite malocclusion, while 8.5% presented severe malocclusion and 8.5% presented very severe malocclusion. After multivariable adjustment, self-identified non-Black skin color (PR=1.95; 95% CI: 1.07–3.57) and government income-support program participation (PR=0.53; 95% CI: 0.31–0.92) remained associated with malocclusion. Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusions among adolescents enrolled at CETEP-Ipiaú-BA was high. Self-identified non-Black skin color and government income-support program participation were associated with the presence of malocclusions. These findings should be interpreted within the social and contextual characteristics of the studied population and considering the multifactorial nature of malocclusions.